One Hundred Fifty Years Ago Today: Native Indians

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Thursday, August 25, 2011

Skirmishes occur at Great Falls, Maryland, and Piggott's Mills, Western Virginia./1861

Confederate troops begin operations against Indians around Fort Stanton, New Mexico Territory, to last until Sept. 8./1861

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Fort Davis, West Texas

Confederate States Army troops at Fort Davis in West Texas, are attacked by Mescalero Apaches. The native warriors raid the garrison's livestock herd, killing two guards and making off with about 100 horses and or cattle./1861
Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, the Confederate privateer, CSS York captures the schooner George G. Baker. Then the USS Union under Commander J.R. Goldsborough recaptures the George G. Baker. Then the York’s crew sets the ship afire to prevent her capture by the Union./1861

Indian Territory

Choctaw Battle Flag

The Confederate government represented by Special Commissioner Albert Pike signs a treaty with the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. By signing these treaties, the tribes severed their relationships with the federal government, much in the way the southern states did by seceding from the Union. They were accepted into the Confederates States of America, and they sent representatives to the Confederate Congress. The Confederate government promised to protect the Native Americans' land holdings and to fulfill the obligations such as annuity payments made by the federal government. /1861

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Albert Pike
George B. McClellan occupies Beverly, western Virginia, while Confederate troops under J.E. Johnston and Robert S. Garnett retreat from Laurel Hill and Rich Mountain into the Cheat River Valley. West and south, Jacob Cox’s Union troops move in on Southern forces under former Virginia governor General Henry Wise in the Great Kanawah Valley./1861

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S.B. Buckner

At the same time that he has ordered the War Department to recruit Union troops in neutral Kentucky, President Lincoln tells the Inspector General of Kentucky State Militia, Simon Bolivar Buckner saying that Union troops will not enter the state because it is neutral. But he couldn't promise it would always be that way./1861
In Indian Territory, the Confederate government represented by Special Commissioner Albert Pike concludes a treaty of mutual aid with the Creek Indians./1861

Major General George B. McClellan in West Virginia sends four US infantry regiments and a cavalry unit under General William S. Rosecrans toward Confederates at Rich Mountain at the same time ordering General T.A. Morris toward Confederate troops under Gen. Robert Sheldon Garnett at Laurel Hill, Virginia. However, the attack is slowed by terrain and unfamiliar roads, delaying a battle another day./1861

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Beauregard

P. G. T. Beauregard is ordered to assume command of the Confederate Army of the Potomac in northern Virginia at the Alexandria Line where Federal troops have invaded Virginia and taken up positions. In a strategy meeting with President Davis and commander of the Virginia Militia Robert E. Lee, Lee explains that the Federals are now occupying Alexandria and their next obvious move will be against Manassas, an important railroad junction for the Confederate forces./1861
Union troops which have evacuated forts in Indian territory a month ago arrive at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas today. The path they traveled will come to be known as the Chisholm Trail after one of their guides, Jesse Chisholm./1861
US Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon and local politico Francis Blair take effective control of St. Louis, Missouri, from Brig. Gen. William Harney, whom they suspected of Southern sympathies and thus sacked with the quiet permission of President Lincoln./1861
In Washington, Robert Lincoln, John Hay, assistant secretary to President, and John G. Nicolay, private secretary to President, obtain passes to cross Long Bridge and visit the Custis mansion, home of Gen. Robert E. Lee (CSA), in Arlington./1861
The New Orleans Mint closes./1861

Fort Washita, Indian Territory

Under orders from President Lincoln, US troops evacuate the forts in Indian Territory, leaving the Five Civilized Nations – Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles – virtually under Confederate jurisdiction and responsibility. US Col. William H. Emory evacuates Fort Wachita and marches to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas./1861

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Justice J.A. Campbell

US Supreme Court Justice John Archibald Campbell of Georgia, who had acted as a mediator between the Confederate peace commissioners and Secretary of State William Seward and who had been a leader in the Washington Peace Conference, resigns today from the U.S. Supreme Court to serve as Assistant Secretary of War for the Confederacy./1861
The Tennessee State Legislature convenes in secret session in Nashville. Rumors say they have adopted a secession ordinance, which they will announce after an attack on Washington that is expected to take place on May 4./1861
Confederate diplomats Pierre Rost and William Lowndes Yancey arrive in London, joining Ambrose Dudley Mann who arrived April 15th. Immediately they begin meeting with those in the British Government who are sympathetic to the South./1861
The New York City Yacht Club votes to volunteer its vessels to the Federal Navy if needed to put down the insurrection in the South./1861

Choctaw Brigade Confederate flag

The General Council of the Choctaw Nation passes a resolution expressing distress over the secession crisis, but making it clear “that in the event a permanent dissolution of the American Union takes place, our many relations with the General Government must cease, and we shall be left to follow the natural affections, education, institutions, and interests of our people, which indissolubly bind us in every way to the destiny of our neighbors and brethren of the Southern States, upon whom we are confident we can rely for the preservation of our rights of life, liberty, and property, and the continuance of many acts of friendship, general counsel, and material support.”/1861